SUVARNAVEDATHE HINDU UNIVERSE
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COLLECTIONS

Major Narakas.

Judgement environments in identified Puranic accounts.

13 original profiles · 1 categories

Realms & Cosmic Worlds

The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Asipatravana

The sword-leaf forest is a named Naraka in Puranic accounts, using a distinctive image of consequence.

Reference archive
The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Avichi

Avichi is a named Naraka in the Bhagavata judgement account; lists and details differ across traditions.

Reference archive
The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Kalasutra

A named judgement environment in Bhagavata 5.26, distinct from the other Narakas.

Reference archive
The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Krimibhojana

A named Naraka in Bhagavata 5.26; its imagery expresses consequences within that account.

Reference archive
The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Kumbhipaka

A named Naraka in the Puranic moral account; its distressing imagery is described textually rather than illustrated here.

Reference archive
The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Naraka

A collective designation for judgement and punitive environments in Hindu texts; enumerations differ.

Reference archive
The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Raurava

A named Naraka in Bhagavata 5.26, connected with the consequences of harming other beings.

Reference archive
The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Shalmali

A thorn-tree Naraka designation; do not confuse it with Shalmala Dvipa.

Reference archive
The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Vaitarani

A river of the afterlife in Puranic accounts, associated with the journey through Yama’s jurisdiction.

Reference archive
The Cosmic Ocean Reveals Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, style of Sajnu, Mandi, Panjab Hills, North India, 1835; opaque watercolor and gold on paper, San Diego Museum of Art 1990.136 (source-page catalog metadata).Archival contextRealm

Judgement realms

Yamaloka

Yama’s domain of justice and the assessment of deeds; the court is distinct from any one punitive Naraka.

Reference archive