Hindu religious traditions

Rigvedaऋग्वेद

Vedic Samhita

A collection of Vedic hymns in ten mandalas, addressed to powers including Agni, Indra, Soma, Varuna and Ushas.

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STORY & TRADITION

The world of Rigveda.

A collection of Vedic hymns in ten mandalas, addressed to powers including Agni, Indra, Soma, Varuna and Ushas.

The Sacred Library

Details & context.

Tradition dependence
High — compare the identified textual or regional account.
Library category
Shruti
Form / textual family
Vedic Samhita
Traditional attribution
An inherited textual tradition; no single historical author is established here.
Subject & teachings
A collection of Vedic hymns in ten mandalas, addressed to powers including Agni, Indra, Soma, Varuna and Ushas.
Structure
Ten mandalas; hymn and verse numbers distinguish the passages.
Associated deities / figures
Agni; Indra; Soma; Varuna; Ushas
Textual relationships
Shruti
Historical context
Composition, transmission and redaction must be distinguished; no unsupported exact date is assigned.
Reading notes
Read the Sanskrit with an identified translation. Commentary is presented by its own school, not as the only interpretation.
Tradition notes
Names and accounts can vary by recension, region and commentary. This entry distinguishes attested details from identifications still requiring a passage-level source.

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Connected worlds.

115 connected profiles. Every path leads to an original record.

The Sacred Library7
Characters & Cosmic Entities107
DescribesHiranyagarbhaGolden embryo or germ associated with cosmic emergence

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSuryaSolar deity whose identities overlap with Vivasvan and other solar names

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVayuWind deity and divine father in Hanuman and Bhima traditions

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesYamaDeity of death and judgment

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesKuberaLord of wealth and yakshas

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesChandraLunar deity associated with celestial cycles and Rohini

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesShaniSaturn deity associated with karmic consequences and slow planetary movement

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesBrihaspatiDivine priest or teacher associated with Jupiter

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesShukraTeacher of asuras associated with Venus

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesKamaDeity of desire

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesDhanvantariDivine physician emerging in ocean-churning accounts

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVishvakarmaDivine craftsman and architect

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesGangaSacred river goddess whose descent links heaven

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesYamunaKrishna at the Yamuna

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesNarmadaSacred Narmada river personified as a goddess

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSaraswati River GoddessRiver-personification entry for Saraswati

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAditiMother of the Adityas and deity of expansive freedom in Vedic usage

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesDitiMother of the Daityas in Puranic genealogies

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesDanuMother of the Danavas in genealogical traditions

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesPrithviEarth personified as a goddess

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesRatriVedic night goddess

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSavitrVedic impelling solar deity

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesGayatriPersonification of a sacred meter and prayer in later worship

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesGarudaDivine bird associated with Vishnu

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSheshaCosmic serpent associated with support of the world and Vishnu

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAnantaEndless serpent form commonly identified with Shesha

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVasukiSerpent king serving as churning rope in ocean-churning narratives

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAiravataIndra's celestial elephant

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesUchchaihshravasCelestial horse emerging from the churning

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesKamadhenuWish-granting divine cow

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSurabhiDivine cow and bovine progenitor

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesArunaCharioteer of the sun

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesNasatyaOne of the paired Ashvins

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesDasraOne of the paired Ashvins

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesMitraVedic deity associated with covenants

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAryamanAditya associated with social bonds and hospitality in Vedic contexts

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesBhagaVedic deity associated with allotment and share

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesPushanVedic pastoral and path-guiding deity

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesTvashtaVedic fashioner and artisan deity

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVivasvanSolar figure commonly identified with Surya

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesDhatriDivine establisher or fashioner represented in varying genealogical lists

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVidhatriDivine ordainer represented in varying Puranic genealogies

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesParjanyaVedic rain deity

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesApam NapatVedic deity whose name denotes offspring of the waters

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesPrajapatiLord of creatures

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAnshaAditya name associated with a share or portion

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVedic RudraRudra in Vedic hymns

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesIshanaShaiva lordship name and directional aspect found in some Rudra lists

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAjaikapadaOne-footed divine name in Vedic and Rudra traditions

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAhirbudhnyaSerpent-of-the-depths divine name in Vedic and later Rudra contexts

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesKapaliRudra/Shaiva name associated with skull-bearing

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesPingalaName in a Rudra grouping

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesBhima RudraFierce Rudra name

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVirupaksha RudraRudra name often understood as varied-eyed

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVilohitaRudra name associated with reddish coloration in some lists

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAjapadaRudra name possibly overlapping with Ajaikapada

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesShambhuAuspicious Shaiva name appearing as a distinct Rudra entry

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesChanda RudraFierce Rudra-name entry

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesBhavaShaiva divine name appearing in Vedic and later Rudra lists

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesHaraShaiva name associated with removal or destruction

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesBahurupaRudra/Shaiva name denoting many forms

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesTryambakaThree-eyed Shaiva divine name

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAparajita RudraUnconquered Rudra-name entry

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesApa VasuWater-associated Vasu entry

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesDhruva VasuVasu named Dhruva

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesDhara VasuVasu associated with support or earth in some lists

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAnila VasuWind-associated Vasu

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAnala VasuFire-associated Vasu

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesPratyushaDawn-associated Vasu in a common list

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesPrabhasaRadiance-associated Vasu in a common list

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesMangalaMars deity

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesBudhaMercury deity

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesRahuEclipse-associated figure

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesKetuEclipse/descending-node figure

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSanjnaSolar consort in accounts involving Surya and the Ashvins

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesChhayaSanjna's substitute

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesYamiYama's twin in Vedic usage

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesRevantaSolar-family narratives

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesTapatiSolar daughter and consort of Samvarana in epic narrative

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesShachiIndra's consort

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSwahaPersonified sacrificial utterance

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSvadhaPersonified ancestral-offering utterance

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVaruniGoddess associated with wine and churning accounts

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesRatiKama's consort

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesRohiniLunar consort and nakshatra personification in this entry

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesTulasiSacred basil personified

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesGodavariSacred Godavari river personified in regional accounts

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesKaveriSacred Kaveri river personified in southern traditions

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSindhuSindhu river divinity or personification

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesSarayuSarayu river personification connected with Ayodhya's sacred geography

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesBhagirathiGanga under a name associated with Bhagiratha and an actual headstream

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAlaknandaSacred Ganga headstream personified

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesMandakiniSacred river-name entry with several geographical uses

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesDevasenaSkanda's consort

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesMushikaMouse/rat mount of Ganesha

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesAngirasVedic seer and progenitor linked with the Angirasa lineage

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesBharadvajaSage associated with Vedic lineage and Drona's ancestry

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesVamadevaVedic seer associated with Rigvedic hymns and later sage traditions

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesMedhatithiVedic sage-name with several textual uses

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesShakti RishiParashara's ancestry

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesBharadvaja BarhaspatyaVedic Bharadvaja identified through the Barhaspatya patronymic

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
DescribesGritsamadaVedic seer associated with Rigvedic hymn tradition

Related source tradition; the profile reference identifies the passage and evidence status.

Rigveda — Griffith translation
Stories & Events1

Image credit.

Bhagavata Purana manuscript, West Bengal, 16th century (?), LACMA M.88.134.4. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. H. Robert Slusser. Image courtesy LACMA, public domain.

Original source · Public domain, released with LACMA's Public Domain High Resolution Image Available designation

Resized and converted to WebP.

READ THE SOURCES

Texts & references.

01

Rigveda — Griffith translation

Ten mandalas.

Vedic · Translations and numbering vary by edition. Separate the primary text from its commentary.

Reference overview. Consult the identified text and passage; unestablished fields are explicitly marked.